12/12/2023 0 Comments Mineral oil viscosity vs temperatureThe experimental surface tension was employed to predict the critical temperature and, surface entropy and internal surface energy of DESs. In addition, the activation parameters for all DESs were calculated using the experimental viscosity data and application of Eyring’s absolute rate theory. It was found that there is a well agreement between theoretical and experimental values especially when the new empirical equation is used. Several models and a new empirical equation were used to correlate the experimental viscosity data. Further, ATPPB-TEG DESs had the higher viscosity and lower surface tension than ATPPB-DEG DESs because of the higher alkyl chain in their structures. The higher molecular weight caused the higher viscosity and surface tension. It was found that the molecular weight of DESs with the same component has an effect on the properties. Besides, by increasing the temperature and quantity of HBDs in DESs, both of these properties experienced a decrease decreasing trend in the amount. Among all DESs with the same components, the DESs with the strong hydrogen bonding (H…Br) in their structures had the higher viscosity and surface tension. The results disclosed that hydrogen bonding (H…Br) in DESs has a great effect on the properties. The temperature range for experimental viscosity was from 293.15 to 343.15 K and that of the experimental surface tension was between 298.15 and343.15 K. In this work, six deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were prepared namely allyltriphenyl phosphonium bromide- diethylene glycol (ATPPB-DEG) and allyltriphenyl phosphonium bromide - triethylene glycol (ATPPB-TEG) using three molar ratios of 1:4, 1:10 and 1:16 salt to HBDs. Heating effects and low nanoparticle concentrations increase standard correlation error.ĭeep eutectic solvents (DESs) are derived from two or more salts as the hydrogen bond acceptors (HBAs) and hydrogen bond donors (HBDs). The trivariate model accounts for temperature with high predicative potential (R 2 τ(γ̇ ,ϕ,T) = 0.983, R 2 µ(γ̇ ,ϕ,T) =0.986). A bivariate model described the rheological effects of shear rate and Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticle concentration with a high predictive potential (R 2 τ(γ̇ ,ϕ) = 0.993, R 2 µ(γ̇ ,ϕ) =0.999). Both models had a candidate equation for interparticle distance under increasing shear rate. The model for viscosity is developed by considering the force required to maintain the nanoparticles in suspension being equal to the drag force as calculated for Stokes flow approximation about a sphere. The model for shear stress is developed based on a force balance between the Van der Waals attractions of monodispersed Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticle spheres. This paper proposes a first-principles approach to the rheology of smart drilling fluids containing Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles which have shown advantages to increasing drilling efficiency in a variety of reservoir environments. With the addition of nanoparticles it is possible to facilitate in-situ control of the drilling fluid rheology, increasing the hydraulic efficiency of drilling campaigns and reducing costs in a variety of reservoir environments. This model was considerably accurate in predicting experimental data of dynamic viscosity as R-squared and average absolute relative deviation (AARD %) were respectively 0.9999 and 0.0502.ĭrilling fluids serve many applications in the oil-drilling process, including the removing of cuttings, drill bit cooling and the prevention of fluid transfer to and from the rock strata. In order to attain an accurate model by which experimental data are predicted, an artificial neural network (ANN) with a hidden layer and 5 neurons was designed. Sensitivity of viscosity to the solid volume fraction enhancement was calculated by a new correlation which was proposed in terms of solid volume fraction and temperature. From analyzing the results, it was revealed that both of the base oil and nano-lubricants are non-Newtonian fluids which exhibit shear thinning behavior. Firstly, ZnO nanoparticles of 10–30 nm were dispersed in 10W40 engine oil with solid volume fractions of 0.25–2%, then the viscosity of the composed nano-lubricant was measured in temperature ranges of 5–55 ☌ and in various shear rates. A B S T R A C T In the present study, rheological behavior of ZnO/10W40 nano-lubricant is investigated by an experimental approach.
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